Battle of Amritsar (1628)
The Battle of Amritsar occurred on 5 June 1628 (22 Jeth, Bikrami 1685) between the Sikh forces led by Guru Hargobind Ji and the Mughal army under Emperor Shah Jahan. After the death of Emperor Jahangir in 1627, Shah Jahan became concerned about the growing influence of the Sikhs, and his adversaries encouraged him to take action against Guru Ji.
Historical Context
- Guru Hargobind Ji emphasized the concept of Miri-Piri, combining spiritual leadership with temporal authority.
- The Mughal Empire viewed Sikh fortifications and growing military strength as a threat.
- This battle was one of the earliest armed confrontations between the Sikhs and the Mughal forces.
Key Figures
- Guru Hargobind Ji: Sixth Sikh Guru and military strategist.
- Mukhlis Khan: Mughal commander killed during the battle.
- Shah Jahan: Mughal Emperor who ordered action against the Sikhs.
Course of the Battle
The battle was fought near Amritsar, where Guru Hargobind Ji had strengthened Sikh forces and fortifications. Key points include:
- Skirmishes and cavalry engagements with Mughal forces.
- Guru Hargobind Ji personally leading the Sikhs, demonstrating courage and strategy.
- The defeat and death of Mukhlis Khan, which became a symbol of Sikh resilience.
Significance & Lessons
- Defense of Faith: The Sikhs were defending their community, not seeking conquest.
- Miri-Piri in Action: Spiritual values paired with temporal responsibility.
- Leadership: Guru Hargobind Ji’s courage and strategic vision inspired his followers.
- Legacy: Strengthened Sikh martial tradition, laying groundwork for the Khalsa formation by Guru Gobind Singh.
Educational Resources
- SikhiWiki: Battle of Amritsar
- Primary sources: Persian/Mughal chronicles and Sikh historical texts.
- Map activity: Identify key battle locations and fortifications in 17th-century Amritsar.
- Discussion prompt: How did spiritual principles influence Guru Hargobind Ji’s military strategy?
The Battle of Amritsar is remembered as a pivotal moment in Sikh history, demonstrating how faith, courage, and leadership combined to defend justice against overwhelming odds.