The Role of Women in Sikh Faith
Author: Barjinderpal Kaur Lall
The role of women in the Sikh faith is clearly defined by Guru Nanak Dev Ji and the Guru Granth Sahib (p.473):
- In a woman, a man is conceived,
- From a woman, he is born,
- With a woman he is betrothed and married,
- With a woman he contracts friendship,
- Why denounce her, the one from whom ever kings are born,
- From a woman, a woman is born,
- None may exist without a woman.
The Gurus set the pace for equality among humans through their teachings and actions, long before similar ideas emerged in the Western world.
Historical and Social Context
While celebrating 300 years of the events at Anandpur Sahib, we also mark 530 years of progressive social reform, theological equality, economic contributions, political leadership, and effective change management inspired by the Sikh Gurus (1469–1999).
These reforms were occurring during Tudor England, long before the Industrial Revolution and the Suffragette movement.
Contributions of Women to Sikh Faith
Bebi Nanaki
Guru Nanak’s elder sister recognized his spiritual talent and encouraged his devotion to God through music and Kirtan, central to Sikh worship today.
Mata Sulakni
Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s wife nurtured their sons with serenity, patience, and assertiveness, managing social care in Kartarpur during Guru Ji’s travels.
Mata Khiwi
Wife of Guru Angad Dev Ji, she institutionalized the Guru Ka Langar, serving all people equally, promoting unity and social equality.
Mata Mansa Devi
Wife of Guru Amar Das Ji, she raised awareness of widows’ plight, empowered women to manage social centers, and helped implement effective social reforms.
Bibi Bhani
Wife of Guru Ram Das Ji, she balanced religious service and family life, guiding her sons, including Guru Arjan Dev Ji, on spiritual and construction projects.
Mala Ganga Ji
Mother of Guru HarGobind Ji, she cultivated courage, bravery, humility, and service in her son, preparing him for leadership.
Mata Nanaki
Mother of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, she guided him to meditate and accept God’s will, ensuring the search for the True Guru continued peacefully at Bakala.
Mata Sahib Devan & Mata Sundri
Mata Sahib Devan, the “Eternal Mother of Khalsa Panth,” and Mata Sundri, Guru Gobind Singh’s wife, both demonstrated wisdom, diplomacy, and leadership during times of upheaval.
Mata Jito
Mother of the four Sahibzadas, she contributed to the preparation of Amrit for the Khalsa, symbolizing purity and balance in life.
Other Notable Women
Bibi Roop Kaur, Mai Bhago, Phulan Rani, and others, alongside modern contributors, demonstrate leadership, courage, and service in both religious and social spheres.
Modern Contributions
Present-day gurdwaras actively encourage women to engage in Kirtan, scripture reading, Ardaas, meditation, social welfare, and education. Istri Sabhas provide platforms for women to exercise leadership, spiritual service, and community development.
Conclusion
Through both scriptural guidance and practical examples, the Sikh faith clearly illustrates the pivotal roles and functions of women in society. From theological equality to leadership and service, Sikh women have historically and continue to contribute meaningfully to spiritual and social life.